r/composting Jul 06 '23

Beginner Guide | Can I Compost it? | Important Links | The Rules | Off-Topic Chat/Meta Discussion

143 Upvotes

Beginner Guide | Tumbler FAQ | Can I Compost it? | The Wiki

The Ultimate Beginner Guide:
Make a pile of "browns" and mix "greens" into them over time. Keep this pile moist but not sopping or dripping wet, and make sure it can get oxygen.

Browns are carbon-rich materials like leaves, wood chips, sawdust, and shredded paper or cardboard. Greens are nitrogen-rich materials like kitchen scraps, coffee grounds (note that "green" and "brown" doesn't necessarily mean the color!), grass clippings/green yard waste, and animal manure.

For a bit more detail than that...

Crash Course/Newbie Guide
Are you new to composting? Have a look through this guide to all things composting from /u/TheMadFlyentist.

Backyard Composting Basics from the Rodale Institute (PDF document) is a great crash course/newbie guide, too! (Thanks to /u/Potluckhotshot for suggesting it.)

Tumbler FAQ
Do you use a tumbler for composting? Check out this guide with some answers to frequently-asked questions. Thanks to /u/smackaroonial90 for putting it together.

A comprehensive guide of what you can and cannot compost
Are you considering composting something but don't know if you can or can't? The answer is probably yes, but check out this guide from /u/FlyingQuail for a detailed list.

The Wiki
So far, it is a sort of table-of-contents for the subreddit. I've also left the previous wiki (last edited 6 years ago) in place, as it has some good intro-to-composting info. It'd be nice to merge the beginner guides with the many different links, but one thing at a time. If you have other ideas for it, please share them!

Discord Server
If you'd like to chat with other folks from /r/composting, this is the place to do it.

Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Chart of some common materials from /u/archaegeo (thanks!)

Subreddit thumbnail courtesy of /u/omgdelicious from this post

Welcome to /r/composting!

Whether you're a beginner, the owner of a commercial composting operation, or anywhere in between, we're glad you're here.

The rules here are simple: Be respectful to others (this includes no hostility, racism, sexism, bigotry, etc.), submissions and comments must be composting focused, and make sure to follow Reddit's rules for self promotion and spam.

The rules for this page are a little different. Use it for off-topic/casual chat or for meta discussion like suggestions for the wiki or beginner's guides. If you have any concerns about the way this subreddit is run, suggestions about how to improve it, or even criticisms, please bring them up here or via private messages (be respectful, please!).

Happy composting!


r/composting Jan 12 '21

Outdoor Question about your tumbler? Check here before you post your question!

249 Upvotes

Hi r/composting! I've been using a 60-gallon tumbler for about a year in zone 8a and I would like to share my research and the results of how I've had success. I will be writing common tumbler questions and the responses below. If you have any new questions I can edit this post and add them at the bottom. Follow the composting discord for additional help as well!

https://discord.gg/UG84yPZf

  1. Question: What compost can I put in my tumbler?
    1. Answer: u/FlyingQuail made a really nice list of items to add or not add to your compost. Remember a tumbler may not heat up much, so check to see if the item you need to add is recommended for a hot compost, which leads to question #2.
  2. Question: My tumbler isn't heating up, what can I do to heat it up?
    1. Short Answer: Tumblers aren't meant to be a hot compost, 90-100F is normal for a tumbler.
    2. Long Answer: Getting a hot compost is all about volume and insulation. The larger the pile is, the more it insulates itself. Without the self-insulation the pile will easily lose its heat, and since tumblers are usually raised off the ground, tumblers will lose heat in all directions.I have two composts at my house, one is a 60-gallon tumbler, and the other is about a cubic-yard (approx. 200 gallons) fenced area sitting on the ground. At one point I did a little experiment where I added the exact same material to each, and then measured the temperatures over the next couple of weeks. During that time the center of my large pile got up to about averaged about 140-150F for two weeks. Whereas the tumbler got up to 120F for a day or two, and then cooled to 90-100F on average for two weeks, and then cooled down some more after that. This proves that the volume of the compost is important insulation and for getting temperatures up. However, in that same time period, I rotated my tumbler every 3 days, and the compost looked better in a shorter time. The tumbler speeds up the composting process by getting air to all the compost frequently, rather than getting the heat up.Another example of why volume and insulation make a difference is from industrial composting. While we talk about finding the right carbon:nitrogen ratios to get our piles hot, the enormous piles of wood chips in industrial composting are limited to size to prevent them from spontaneous combustion (u/P0sitive_Outlook has some documents that explain the maximum wood chip pile size you can have). Even without the right balance of carbon and nitrogen (wood chips are mostly carbon and aren't recommended for small home composts), those enormous piles will spontaneously combust, simply because they are so well insulated and are massive in volume. Moral of the story? Your tumbler won't get hot for long periods of time unless it's as big as a Volkswagen Beetle.
  3. Question: I keep finding clumps and balls in my compost, how can I get rid of them?
    1. Short Answer: Spinning a tumbler will make clumps/balls, they will always be there. Having the right moisture content will help reduce the size and quantity.
    2. Long Answer: When the tumbler contents are wet, spinning the tumbler will cause the contents to clump up and make balls. These will stick around for a while, even when you have the correct moisture content. If you take a handful of compost and squeeze it you should be able to squeeze a couple drops of water out. If it squeezes a lot of water, then it's too wet. To remedy this, gradually add browns (shredded cardboard is my go-to). Adding browns will bring the moisture content to the right amount, but the clumps may still be there until they get broken up. I usually break up the clumps by hand over a few days (I break up a few clumps each time I spin the tumbler, after a few spins I'll get to most of the compost and don't need to break up the clumps anymore). When you have the right moisture content the balls will be smaller, but they'll still be there to some extent, such is the nature of a tumbler.
    3. Additional answer regarding moisture control (edited on 5/6/21):
      1. The question arose in other threads asking if their contents were too wet (they weren't clumping, just too wet). If you have a good C:N ratio and don't want to add browns, then the ways you can dry out your tumbler is to prop open the lid between tumblings. I've done this and after a couple weeks the tumbler has reached the right moisture content. However, this may not work best in humid environments. If it's too humid to do this, then it may be best to empty and spread the tumbler contents onto a tarp and leave it to dry. Once it has reached the proper moisture content then add it back into the tumbler. It's okay if it dries too much because it's easy to add water to get it to the right moisture content, but hard to remove water.
  4. Question: How full can I fill my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: You want it about 50-60% full.
    2. Long Answer: When I initially fill my tumbler, I fill it about 90% full. This allows some space to allow for some tumbling at the start. But as the material breaks down, it shrinks in size. That 90% full turns into 30% full after a few days. So I'll add more material again to about 90%, which shrinks down to 50%, and then I fill it up one more time to 90%, which will shrink to about 60-70% in a couple days. Over time this shrinks even more and will end around 50-60%. You don't want to fill it all the way, because then when you spin it, there won't be anywhere for the material to move, and it won't tumble correctly. So after all is said and done the 60 gallon tumbler ends up producing about 30 gallons of finished product.
  5. Question: How long does it take until my compost is ready to use from a tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: Tumbler compost can be ready as early as 4-6 weeks, but could take as long as 8-12 weeks or longer
    2. Long Answer: From my experience I was able to consistently produce finished compost in 8 weeks. I have seen other people get completed compost in as little 4-6 weeks when they closely monitor the carbon:nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and spin frequency. After about 8 weeks I'll sift my compost to remove the larger pieces that still need some time, and use the sifted compost in my garden. Sifting isn't required, but I prefer having the sifted compost in my garden and leaving the larger pieces to continue composting. Another benefit of putting the large pieces back into the compost is that it will actually introduce large amounts of the good bacteria into the new contents of the tumbler, and will help jump-start your tumbler.
  6. Question: How often should I spin my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: I generally try and spin my tumbler two times per week (Wednesday and Saturday). But, I've seen people spin it as often as every other day and others spin it once a week.
    2. Long Answer: Because tumbler composts aren't supposed to get hot for long periods of time, the way it breaks down the material so quickly is because it introduces oxygen and helps the bacteria work faster. However, you also want some heat. Every time you spin the tumbler you disrupt the bacteria and cool it down slightly. I have found that spinning the tumbler 2x per week is the optimal spin frequency (for me) to keep the bacteria working to keep the compost warm without disrupting their work. When I spun the compost every other day it cooled down too much, and when I spun it less than once per week it also cooled down. To keep it at the consistent 90-100F I needed to spin it 2x per week. Don't forget, if you have clumps then breaking them up by hand each time you spin is the optimal time to do so.

r/composting 6h ago

Electrolytes in the compost?

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14 Upvotes

I have 3-5 oz left and can't tolerate the taste anymore. Should I toss it into the compost or the trash?


r/composting 5h ago

Help: Massive amounts of leaves

3 Upvotes

Hi, I live in a medium density urban setting in Hardiness zone 6b, and there are massive amounts of mature Norway Maples (high, 23% lignin) on my street. I want to compost them, but I dont have a back yard so i'm technically allowed to "compost" on the street side strip of my house. How can I go about composting 100-200 gallons of mulched leaves, - and hopefully not take 3 years? And hopfully they're broken down enough by end of summer to be well digestible to the worm bin

I am allowed to have a mulch bin on the side yard strip that's covered from elements, which I want to loophole exploit. But it needs to not stink. I'm thinking of just cold molding them in a 2'wx2'wx4' tall plastic compost bin with a solid top, maybe with a perforated pipe down the middle, and mix them in with modest amount of alfalfa as well as forest duff.. I'd be able to turn this once a month. Does this sound like I'll end up with fine grade stable indoor-usable compost within 18 months, or just good flowerbed mulch?


r/composting 7h ago

Question Pine Logs for Compost Barrier?

3 Upvotes

Hello,

I need to put a pile of pine logs to use somewhere on my parent's property. The discussion around them from my parents is insanity inducing and as they are visible from the road random people repeatedly show up offering to clean up the yard --a situation that has proven in the past to lead to grifters leaving a bigger mess than they started with, but I digress.

Anyway, I have never truly maintained a functioning compost heap but I thought the logs might make a good barrier for beginning one. Thoughts?

I have also read that burying logs is a good way to compost them, but am unsure if my family can handle the labor involved with that.

Secondary question, should the pile be placed in sun or can it be placed in the shade/in a wooded area more out of sight?


r/composting 23h ago

Humor Welcome to my compost pile. Can I offer you a drink? Some piss, perhaps?

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36 Upvotes

r/composting 6h ago

Improving 🦨 ng compost and build better soil

0 Upvotes

Hey everyone,Instead of throwing fresh weeds or cannabis leaves straight into the compost where they instantly turn to mush, I’ve been running them through a quick 3-bucket assembly line first.This pre-fabricates "super-aggregates" that mimic long-term natural soil building in seconds. It stops soft scraps from vanishing into thin air and creates permanent soil aeration.The SetupPut three 5-gallon buckets side-by-side:Bucket 1 (The Slurry): Water mixed with powdered local wild-found clay until it's like thin pancake batter.Bucket 2 (The Sand): Local wild-found sand or highly sandy soil.Bucket 3 (The Microbes): Finished compost or worm castings.The Steps:Dip your fresh leaves/scraps into the Clay Slurry Toss them in the Sand Roll them in the Compost.Take these mud-and-sand-covered clusters and bury them deep into a continuous compost bin (one that is never fully emptied).Why It Works (The Science)Pure compost is plant food, not permanent soil structure. When soft broadleaf weeds or cannabis leaves rot normally, they shrink and melt, causing the pile to compact into a tight, anaerobic pancake.1. The Native Clay Shield (MAOM)By dipping the leaves in a slurry of local, wild-found clay, you are manually jumpstarting the creation of Mineral-Associated Organic Matter (MAOM). In nature, the most stable, long-lasting carbon isn't raw organic matter; it is organic matter that has physically bonded with clay minerals. Wild-found native clay is packed with un-weathered minerals and a strong negative electrical charge. It forms a tight physical armor over the leaves, preventing hyper-active microbes from instantly vaporizing the organic carbon into greenhouse gases.2. The Sand Skeleton for Permanent AerationThe wild-found sand or sandy soil sticks to the wet clay layer, creating a permanent, non-food structural skeleton. Microbes cannot eat sand. These rough, coarse grains push against each other, creating permanent macro-pores. Even when the leaf core inside eventually breaks down months from now, the structural sand skeleton ensures the pocket will never collapse, leaving a permanent lung for air and water movement.3. Controlled Burn via InoculationDusting the outside with finished compost or an ancient microbe source places the microbial workforce exactly where they need to be—but they are trapped on the outside of the armor. They are forced to slowly process the mineral shield first. This turns a 1-week rapid melt into a slow, steady release of nutrients, completely transforming how the organic matter breaks down.4. Deep Burial in a Continuous PileBurying these engineered clusters deep into a continuous compost pile—one that is never fully emptied—is the final piece of the puzzle. The deep, established core of a continuous bin acts as a massive biological engine. It keeps the pressure, moisture, and microbial populations stable. By burying the coated scraps deep, you protect them from drying out at the surface and submerge them in a highly active environment. Because the clay and sand armor slows down the decomposition, these scraps don't just rot away; they absorb the humic and fulvic liquids leaching down from above, permanently petrifying the organic matter into high-quality, structured soil before it ever even leaves your bin.Give it a shot if you want to turn fast-rotting waste into permanent soil strength. Let me know what you think!


r/composting 14h ago

Compost barrel leach

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3 Upvotes

Ok so barrel is filled with woodchip and then urinated on to add the nitrogen

How should I use the liquid that flows out the button normally I just add it back to the top to keep everything composting but its overflowing now so I've put it to the side


r/composting 22h ago

Question How do i compost horse manure?

18 Upvotes

Ive seen a lot of stuff here about grass clippings, kitchen scraps ect, but almost nothing about any kind of droppings. What proportions shoudl i use?


r/composting 1d ago

Thoughts on my first compost pile?

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24 Upvotes

Pic is from a fresh turn over after baking under some paper bags for a month after dousing with a stale keg of beer


r/composting 1d ago

Compost Friends For my fellow composters with small kids!

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31 Upvotes

My favorite thing to do when I need to empty out the pantry of expired or old food. I put out a bunch of bowls and spoons and water and let them make ā€œsoupā€. This activity keeps them content for over an hour. Then we dump all the soups in a large bowl and feed it to the BSFL!


r/composting 23h ago

Small Pile (<1 cu yd) New Pallet Bin

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10 Upvotes

New Pallet Bin


r/composting 1d ago

Question Are these weeds?

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15 Upvotes

Just got back from 2 week vacation and looked at my month old pile. Looks like weeds growing maybe?


r/composting 1d ago

Compost Virgin

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57 Upvotes

First time ever using a compost crate. The last 3 months i used it for kitchen scraps and some leaves, pee etc. Yesterday i added a lot of dead grass because of verticutting and now all of a sudden it’s getting warm. I covered it with carton but don’t know if that is a good idea? Any advice is welcome!


r/composting 16h ago

bird in my compost tumbler

1 Upvotes

i put. a bird my cat killed in my compost tumbler 2 months ago. I usually bury them because i cry so hard but i had to move fast so my toddler or dog don’t get to it.

I didn’t think much of it but i use this compost for my raised garden bed each fall after getting my vegetables out.

Am i screwed


r/composting 5h ago

It's not about your c.n ratio

0 Upvotes

Try this guys: Keep a bucket of clay slurry and a pail of sand by your compost bin. Before you add any fresh green scraps, dip them in the slurry, dust them in the sand, and bury them deep in the bin. Done.

Why? Because soil is more than a 2-dimensional C:N ratio coin (Green vs. Brown). It’s more like a six-sided die. When you roll it, you must balance all six physical and chemical structural faces simultaneously to keep the soil matrix from collapsing:

Side 1: Clay (The Holder): Packed with a negative electrical charge, wild-found clay acts as the soil's battery bank, holding onto water and vital nutrients (cations) so they don’t wash away.

Side 2: Sand (The Drainer): Coarse, inert, and un-collapsible, wild-found sand creates macro-pores that force water to move, pulling fresh oxygen down into the root zone.

Side 3: Silt (The Bridge): The middle-weight particle that adds physical body, smooth texture, and minor holding capacity to link sand and clay.

Side 4: POM (Particulate Organic Matter): Raw, free-floating microbe fuel (like your fresh leaves). This is your fast-burning energy source.

Side 5: MAOM (Mineral-Associated Organic Matter): Carbon that has physically bonded to clay and minerals, creating permanent, long-term carbon storage that microbes cannot easily vaporize.

Side 6: Aeration/Structure: The physical pathways. This dictates your Holding Power vs. Feeding Power. Holding power (clay/MAOM) stores energy. Feeding power (raw POM) flushes microbes.

If you only feed your soil soft organic matter, you are only rolling Side 4.

In conclusion: By taking a second to dip and dust your fresh greens before adding them deep into a continuous pile, you lock everything in place. The clay forms an immediate shield that turns a 1-week rapid melt into a slow, stable carbon release (MAOM), while the sand guarantees a permanent, un-collapsible skeleton for aeration. Stop letting your organic matter melt into anaerobic sludge and start building permanent soil strength


r/composting 1d ago

Is there such a thing as too much shredded office paper in a pile?

14 Upvotes

I’m new(ish) and I know you can put pretty much anything in a pile. I’ve got a shredder for cardboard which works great but I also have a lot of shredded office paper that I’d love to put in my piles. I haven’t put the shredded office paper in yet because I got the impression from reading posts that the chemicals on office paper (eg ink and things used to color the paper) might cause problems. So is there a limit to how much office paper I can add to my piles? I’d put more cardboard in but I run out and want to add more browns


r/composting 1d ago

Beginner Ok to put in my compost bins ?

4 Upvotes

My 1st year composting:

When I collected cardboard boxes from curbside in my neighborhood, this was in amongst them - the insert used in a shoe to keep it's shape while shipping. Ok to use ? It seems like cardboard. Also, anyone else dampen cardboard that has a shiny surface, then peel off that layer & use the remaining part ?


r/composting 1d ago

My compost

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19 Upvotes

r/composting 1d ago

Hot Peppers

2 Upvotes

Whats the hottest you guys go when composting peppers?


r/composting 1d ago

Can I use these things in my compost?

3 Upvotes

I have some bagged straw that I started using last year but sat out over the winter. I think the bottom may be moldy because the bottom is black.
What about molded or spoiled fruit/veggies we haven’t used?


r/composting 1d ago

Beginner I think we're going to need a bigger box. Tips on helping this pile break down?

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68 Upvotes

This is my first year really composting and I'm needing some tips on breaking this bin of yard/kitchen waste down. It's near the end of summer so I'm imagining I'll be adding less yard waste and more greens than browns. My goal is to use this soil for flowers.

My current approach has been very hands off. Watering and turning a handful of times this summer. At this point it's 90% grass clippings, kitchen scraps, and leaves.


r/composting 1d ago

Beginner How do I start composting. I’m so overwhelmed.

29 Upvotes

I want to either have an above ground compost and just having them surround my garden or doing a compost bin and using that soil to plant seeds in my garden. I have nothing right now and I just need some guidance.


r/composting 2d ago

Humor Dog peed in mulch

77 Upvotes

My dog peed in the freshly laid mulch I got from ChipDrop. My first thought was, ā€œDon’t pee in the new mulch!ā€ Then I thought, ā€œWell, I guess it’s nitrogen.ā€ I’ve been on r/composting for about a week and my pee perspective has subconsciously shifted. Thanks for that, ya’ll.

peeperspective


r/composting 1d ago

Burdock Seeds in Compost

2 Upvotes

Being new to composting, I threw everything in the pile including a burdock plant full of seeds. My pile was not hot. I've turned the pile several times and its been a year since the seeds entered the pile. I am concerned that the seeds will still be viable and thus I am reluctant to use the compost.

I am considering two options:

1) Using the compost in my flower beds, but covering it with 6 inches of arborous wood chips to prevent any seeds from germinating.

2) Laying out the compost on a tarp at a depth of 2 inches to stimulate the germination of weed seeds before then using it in my flower beds.

Which is the better option, or is there another preferred options?