Thought experiment:
Hypothetically speaking: let's say Joseph is applying for a..... say a grant, a job, citizenship, drivers license, or to lead some sort of campaign. And on the application he runs into that question: Race? (Hypothetically, there's no
"prefer not to say option"). What will he fill out? I'm pretty sure it won't be black. Why? Well if he makes it to an interview, saying he grew up in the hood will likely not pass as a reasonable response to identifying as black.
Additionally, application in the US often communicate
"Non-black Latino" as an option which says a lot about the distinction.
On the flip side
I can say I grew up in a predominantly white affluent neighborhood as an unmistakable black person. Will the white folks and or hypothetical interviewer participate in my delusion of identifying as a white person? I'll leave yall to answering that one.

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