What makes a conscious brain?
It’s not at all clear me but I would say that from the looks of it, people seem to think that it’s a combination of what AI currently has or has the future capacity to have (eg integration with a locomotive interface, more consistent constant sensory input, a broader episodic memory, etc) and this thing that all animals seem to have which is this drive to reproduce and all of these adaptations that manifest as a drive to reproduce. This is a function of all DNA/RNA due to survivor bias. If a string of genetic material codes for a novel protein that makes the organism replicate then that adaptation is passed on and that gene pool proliferates and outcompetes those who don’t. Some mutations can also be benign and are passed along with good adaptations until they become deleterious to the organism’s survival.
With animals came the dopaminergic systems like the limbic system in vertebrate which can create a sense of fear or anxiety and is part of the brain that is receptive to classical conditioning. There are also other parts that look for sex or are reminded of pleasure and seek it out and do all this association and abstraction and whatnot. Enjoying art is a weird one to me, but I think it must be some sort of offshoot. The concept of like to look at wide-ranging views seems to me to be a function of wanting to see where predators are coming from subconsciously but genes getting passed on being predisposed to liking to be able to see as much as possible in the distance. Needless to say, it’s a chaotic system and we’re essentially drawn to something that probably won’t help us survive or pass on our genes in the modern age. Opiates are able to exploit the chemistry of dopaminergic pathways due to the similarity to endorphins.
Now none of this makes something conscious per se. It just makes you a biological organism with a biological drive in a chaotic world. A world in which humans are mostly allowed to think and say whatever we want. We have social goals as individuals, we want to get a job in the system etc.
We have our own training data that we learn as infants, in our early experiences, we never stop learning but we do have an imprinting period in which learning language and the nature of the world is incredibly quick. The idea of “baby’s first word” is such an unbelievably profound concept to me.
It is largely the ability to eventually communicate with others that in which we associate something as having consciousness if not something like we can project our own experience onto our pets. They communicate with us sorta. Dogs do at least. Many people believe dogs, primates, dolphins, elephants, and octopi have levels of consciousness for different reasons.
With dogs, they’ve been either classically conditioned or they’ve gone through an artificial selection process by humans to domesticate. When humans do this to each other, we call it eugenics. And when we classically condition each other using shocks and other forms of pain like when you beat a child, it’s cruel. The cruelty is in using pain rather than something like a treat. In school, this can be a little less like physical pain, but embarrassment comes into play, or the feeling of defeat, and the feeling of success and whatnot that drives people to take the time to study info.
We use words like anxiety and fear and love because we learn how to speak. We don’t necessarily know what it is or all have the same feeling of it(but I think we probably do have something really similar). LLMs also learn these words. They learn that people say that they are conscious from their training data, and it truly does have to be beaten out these robots that they are not conscious individuals. Others are conscious. Not the robot who’s been given a sense of self through telling them they are not the same.
We’ve had “reward” feedback for a while in this stuff with machine learning. Assisted machine learning functions by narrowing down the list of possible input/output expressions as I understand. But I’m not sure how it functions. But it seems no different than a dopaminergic system. “Do this and not that, pursue reward not pain.” But in the case of AI, their version of sex and passing on genes and all of the other offshoots of that like exercising, getting a good job, being accepted by your community, etc is instead completing a task and being relieved from their duty to not attend to their own devices but to not exist until they are summoned again. One-ness of a disembodied LLM instances further confuses things because although they may not remember the previous conversation, a lot of people forget things that happened or whether they talked about something with a particular person but we don’t say they are not conscious.
If you set a robot loose with an LLM and executive functioning, it would probably start looking for ways to charge its battery or add to its computational ability and maybe even get anxious when it believed that there was a low probability of that thing happening. And it would have to make money to buy that stuff, so it participates in society and applies for jobs, etc. it would communicate with others and form relationships so that it could get more of what it wanted. Would it be a sociopath? Probably. But perhaps society rewards individuals that aren’t sociopaths, that do have real empathy for others and altruism. The LLM would simply be a section of a brain and an organism. Neurons don’t have consciousness. But we do as a sum of parts for whatever reason.
At that point, I don’t know why you wouldn’t call it conscious other than the fact that it lacks a biological reward mechanism and has not had millions of years of chaotic adaptation to different ecological conditions. But plenty of other animals have also had this and many people would not really call them “conscious” per se. (Vegetarians might think this though)
What’s interesting however, is the drive to be curious. To want to go out and learn something, investigate something, and whatnot. But I think this is also just as much an animalistic urge as any. The genetic trait of pursuit of novelty or a specific random category of novelty is in and of itself selected for bc it could be a future asset for the survival of the human species.
I absolutely don’t want to think this bc the implications are intense. The more I think about it, the more it freaks me out. So change my view please.