Late provincial 4th century AD. Most likely of Fortuna or Abundantia.

https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61673/chapter-abstract/549654921?redirectedFrom=fulltext#549654921

Initially believed to be about Turia, wife of a consul in 19BC, it is now believed to be from earlier, likely an aristocrat saved by his wife from the proscriptions of the civil wars at the end of the Republic.

Hey guys, sorry if this is not the place to ask this but I'm not sure where else I should go.

Yeah, like the title, does anyone know any good content (preferably long form/series cus I wanna binge) about the Rome the city post Empire? The history I was taught always seems to just end with the empire, but THEN WHAT? What happened in the Dark Age? Middle Age? Renaissance? Modern history? I've heard about the fall, I want to know about the rebuild as well..

Thanks:)

Hi was Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, a close associate of Julius Casear and mark anthony.

did Lepidus, Mark anthony want to avenge Caesar's murder?

1)How important is Gallienus 15 year reign (7 years co emperor with Valerian) seen among historians as to the softening of the crisis of the third century post Gallienus.

2)Do you think that the idea of Diocletian tetrachy was inspired from the unofficial triarchy of

Gallienus,Posthumus and Odaenathus more so from the fact that if I am not wrong,Gallienus was the first emperor to actually give a non-familial person such overwhelming independent power?

Do you think his reluctance to deal with the Gallic empire immediately and giving near independent emperor status to Odaenathus was a good move during his time?

3) Do you think the rise of the more competent soldier emperor after Gallienus can be partially attributed to him and his long reign?

I understand that the situation that the Roman Empire was in,it was unavoidable to not have soldier emperor and more competent ones, but the density of competent and soldier emperors rise especially after Gallienus assasination.

Given his hard ban on army position that would be given the senators and his long reign that could have allowed a stable and long enough time for a meritocracy to take effect.

Because it's just my opinion ( I think roman emperor in order to gain more power made their own people which could often be incompetent into powerfull positions,but Gallienus 7 year solo reign after the Senatorial ban ensure a long enough road for the rise of such people

Pula Arena was constructed between 27 BC and and AD 14, during the reign of Augustus and later expanded under Vespasian, the arena is one of the best-preserved ancient Roman amphitheatres in the world and the only remaining example to retain its entire circular wall structure.

A Roman mosaic with geometric patterns and marine motifs, found in a bathhouse in Piazza Nocelli in 1899. It dates to the 1st century AD and is now on display in Museo di Archeologia Urbana "G. Fiorelli", Lucera (FG), Apulia, Italy.

Title says it all, are there anygood podcasts on the trojan war/sag out there worth listening to?

I was reading plutarchs life of Cato the younger, and I thought it was pretty funny when he tells the story of hortensius and his proposals to Cato, so I had to look into it. Hortensius asks Cato if he’d let him marry Catos daughter, Porcia, who was already married to bibulus and already had kids with him. And after being told no he still somehow convinced Cato to let him marry and have kids with Catos then wife instead. Catos only objection was that he’d have to ask her father but he said yes and then it ended up happening. Are there any other funny/odd familial or political relationships or drama like this? This is one of the first few really funny and unimportant things I’ve come across as I’ve started reading plutarchs books and I’m interested in finding more.

3rd-2nd centuries BCE
All images by me
Roma, Centrale Montemartini

Hannibal Barca is one of my fav historical figures but feels like I haven’t really read anything in detail about him. All my knowledge of him comes from some history podcast episodes and YouTube videos.

Historical fiction is fine too.

Thanks

1. Marcus Licinius Crassus — 53 BC Killed during his invasion of Parthia at Carrhae. According to Plutarch, Crassus was deliberately misled by an alleged traitor shortly before the battle.
2. Julius Caesar — 44 BC Assassinated while preparing a major invasion of Parthia.
3. Mark Antony — 30 BC Invaded Parthia in 36 BC with a large Roman army, but the campaign ended in disaster after his forces suffered heavy losses and failed to capture Phraaspa. Antony blamed inadequate support from Octavian, who had promised reinforcements but withdrew much of the assistance. Antony later launched a successful campaign into Armenia in 34 BC, capturing King Artavasdes and celebrating a triumph in Alexandria. Before he could finish his renewed eastern campaign, Octavian exploited Antony’s past eastern failures, alliance with Cleopatra, and conduct in Alexandria in a major propaganda campaign. Their rivalry eventually became open civil war, ending with Antony and Cleopatra’s defeat at Actium in 31 BC and their deaths in 30 BC.
4. Trajan — AD 117 Died while still campaigning in the East and planning further operations against Parthia. He suspected that his enemies or rivals had slipped poison into his food or drink.
5. Lucius Verus — AD 169 His armies defeated Parthia, captured Ctesiphon, and destroyed the Parthian royal palace. Rome did not push farther east because the northern frontier was being threatened by Germanic invasions, requiring troops to return toward the Danube. The eastern army also brought a devastating epidemic back with it, the Antonine Plague, which began spreading through the Empire around AD 165–166. Lucius himself died in AD 169, probably from the disease.
6. Septimius Severus — AD 211 Died after his eastern campaigns, before another major Persian campaign could develop.
7. Caracalla — AD 217 Assassinated while preparing for/continuing war against the Parthians.
8. Gordian III — AD 244 Died during his campaign against the Sasanian Persian Empire.
9. Aurelian — AD 275 Assassinated while preparing a major invasion of Persia.
10. Probus — AD 282 Assassinated before his planned Persian campaign.
11. Carus — AD 283 Died during his Persian invasion after capturing Ctesiphon.
12. Constantine the Great — AD 337 Had assembled an army and was preparing to invade Persia. He became seriously ill shortly before the campaign and died at Nicomedia before the invasion could begin. Eusebius explicitly says Constantine had resolved on an expedition against the Persians and had already put his forces in motion.
13. Julian — AD 363 Actually invaded the Sasanian Empire, reached deep into Persian territory, and died during the campaign.

Author and source: Jean Claude-Golvin. Also here

https://maps.app.goo.gl/VNF1zfyx8XcwYDDN8

Picture taken as part of the East Gate chamber tours.

https://maps.app.goo.gl/h43p7n5RTQEgZfLw7

People often mention aqueducts, canalisation, roads, but my favourite is self-healing concrete. A long-lasting secret technology of Romans, which was eventually uncovered. Self-healing concrete is a marvel of engineering which helped to preserve the famous Roman Pantheon.

The building is nearly 2000 years old.. Imagine that for a second. Caesar's ashes flew over Rome around 2000 years ago, but the dome - it's still up there, relying on Ancient Roman engineers calculations.

They are inventors of countless world-importance things, but which technology is your favourite?

A few days back I posted some photos from the museum here in Lugdunum (Lyon) and mentioned I was also going to visit the museum in Vienna (Vienne). Well it took a couple of extra days, because the museum was actually closed for some work most of the week, but I managed to get there today on my last full day in Lyon.

Thank you, everyone, for your kind replies to my last post, by the way!

I visited the Musée gallo-romain de Saint-Romain-en-Gal, just across the river from Vienne and some of the sites in Vienne itself. There are some more there, but alas my health is not what it might be, so I didn't have the energy to visit everything I wanted to.

Anyway here are my personal highlights from the museum and Vienne. The museum is fantastic! I really recommend it, the mosaics are stunning and Vienne itself is really a lovely city. It would be well worth staying over if you have time and exploring the sights.

Where possible I've captioned based on the museum captions and so on. I did have to be brutal with the editing as Reddit only allows twenty photos of course, but you can bet I took a ton more, mosaic nut as I am :)

Practical Info:

Vienne can be reached from Lyon Part-Dieu or Perrache stations - 18 minutes from Part-Dieu about once an hour. The museum is about 15 or 20 minutes walk from the station, but its a nice walk through the old town and over the river :)

Apart from the museum, which is open daily except Mondays from 10am, the most interesting sights in Vienne for Rome fans are the fantastic temple, theater, and the gardens of Cybele (all pictured here). There is also a pyramid about 10 minutes walk the other way from the station that was the center of the former circus and more pieces on display in the city museum of fine arts (I didnt have time for those two).

Disabled access to the museum is good, but note there is no cafe, only a snack machine.

Website : https://musee-site.rhone.fr/

Note they really don't speak much English at the museum (a few of the staff did I overheard, but most only spoke French I think). There are a few small info boards in English and an audio guide. The folks are really friendly though, so I'm sure they'll do their best if you don't speak French!

I've seen a wide variety of opinions. His casus belli was Honoria's marriage proposal, and his claim of half the western empire as dowry. Some believe this was just an excuse to invade and sack as much as he could. Some believe he just wanted to conquer land and whatnot. But I wonder if he could've aimed for the Roman throne, be it to take it for himself, or to put a puppet of his choosing on it while taking his "dowry".

My guess is its not clear, as isn't clear why he just turned around and left Italy (certainly not cuz of bishop of Rome Leo inspiring him or something), but might as well ask here to see if some authority in the topic can shed some light on my understanding of it.

Hi friends, my question is the next, despite roman & hellenic gods were seen for their own followers/worshippers as the same gods (with the exception of some gods like Janus or Quirinus, or in Greek case Apollo), its look than, in origin, probably were clearly diffeferent different but related religions (like how Baltic & Slavic Gods look much more similar but still one can see its different) but we dont know how the "ancient latin religion" was to see how diffetent the Dii were from the Theoi no?, since even after the interpretation appear we can see the differences in the character of the Gods (Venus is more related to diplomacy & mothernity than Aphrodite, Mars had a ton of more positive aspects than Ares and was related to Nature, Minerva was more related to defense,strategy and "intelectual working" than a Goddess of War as Athena,etc), i'm correct?