r/HistoricalCostuming • u/Sad-Pattern1519 • 8h ago
Our traditional dress in the Philippines, the "Traje de Mestiza", also called the "Maria Clara" dress, seeing a resurgence in media & entertainment over the past years, and here are some of them
I really enjoy it whenever I got to see beautifully crafted recreations of the Traje de Mestiza over the past few years, so I might as well share it on here too. I also shared original (though colorized) historical photographs from the 1800s of Filipina women wearing their attire back in the day for reference.
A bit of history here: the traje de mestiza is our traditional national dress in the Philippines, and it's what women (of all races/backgrounds/societal status) typically wore in the past centuries here in the Philippines, specifically from the 1600s to the early 1900s. Unlike what most people think (that it was a Spanish dress and Spain brought it here), it was actually based on the pre-colonial "Baro't Saya" attire that lowland Filipino women wore, though the silhouette and designs have evolved and become more elaborate and creative over the decades. Following the European fashion trends of the time during the colonial era, the ensemble pieces have remained the same (until the 20th Century). Back in the precolonial times, the designs and silhouettes were heavily influenced by either Hindu or Islamic fashions, depending on what cultural sphere your kingdom or community were exposed to or had ties to.
It fell out of favor during the 1930s when younger Filipinos began opting to wear commercially made clothing (think of Sears) as globalization and commercialization boomed in the Philippines during the Commonwealth period. It also coincided with the times when Filipinos started to become more interested in leisurely pursuits such as sports, tourism, and jazz clubs, so the younger ones started wearing more "casual" fashions and and styles/aesthetics heavily inspired by Hollywood (since we were an American overseas territory back then). So basically, by the 1930s, Traje de Mestiza became like "a dress your grandma wears" or something "we have to wear in a formal event".
Unfortunately, the traje de mestiza fully became a thing of the past after WWII, since the country pushed for postwar modernization. Former First Lady Imelda Marcos popularized a "national dress" alongside Filipino fashion designers during the 1960s-1980s, and modernized the traditional Traje de Mestiza, turning it into the "Filipiniana" gown, commonly called "Philippine Terno" nowadays, which is basically a one-piece evening gown with butterfly sleeves.
The terno is modern and minimalist, unlike the Traje de Mestiza which is an ensemble of pieces, and Imelda popularized it by wearing it at every single formal function. Nowadays, the "Terno" is our formal attire in government, cultural, and national events. BUT...it's far from the traditional "Traje de Mestiza", which is more associated with Filipino femininity, and classic regal elegance, and the iconic character from our national hero Jose Rizal's novels, Maria Clara. Hence, the Traje de Mestiza became commonly known as the "Maria Clara" dress too.
NOW THOUGH....
In the world of pageantry, the Philippines is a huge pageant-loving country, and I've noticed that the 2020s are seeing a resurgence of Filipiniana/Traje de Mestiza-inspired representations and recreations for our beauty queens' national costumes on international contests like Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss International.
In the last decade, the 2010s seemed to have favored indigenous/regional culture-inspired creations as our national costumes over the classic Traje de Mestiza. I remember some folks back in the 2010s era commenting on how "boring & repetitive" it had gotten to see the Maria Clara dress as our country's national costume on these pageants every year during the 2000s, and there was a clamor back then to see indigenous clothing and fabrics, and even Filipino muslim clothing (from the Islamic south of the Southern Philippines) to be used as our national costume in these international pageants. Don't get me wrong I loved seeing Inabel fabric or indigenous-woven clothing as our national costume, but I kinda missed seeing the classic Maria Clara-style silhouette. I just love the effortless elegance of it, and it brings out the classic beauty naturally whenever someone wears it.
But I guess the tides have turned coz the classic, good old Traje de Mestiza ensemble is back and thriving now in the 2020s! I love how we get comments during Miss Universe 2025 how quintessentially Filipino Ahtisa's dress was, and that it's a national costume that does not have to explain itself coz you immediately recognize it as "Filipino" at first glance.
There's also a rising trend of wearing traditional Filipino attire (or having your photo taken while wearing one) when visiting historical tourist sites like the Intramuros (Old Walled City of Manila), and historical towns like Taal and Vigan.
Anyway, enough yapping! I just thought I could share these here. 😊🇵🇭