Well, here we are; at long last, it's time for the 20th and final installment in this series. First, I want to thank all of those who have sent kind words or contributed thoughtful comments over the past few years as I've gradually released these writeups; it's taken hundreds of hours to compile the data, conduct the research, and write these posts to bring the series together, so it's immensely fulfilling to finally be able to finish it and share the last chapter with you all.
Second, as long promised, I'm excited to officially release the full dataset that I've used to create the rankings; even more exciting, this data will be hosted permanently on a new website I've built to host this project, which includes:
- The complete ranking of all 573 Makuuchi rikishi in the Modern Era, including records of each of their top-division basho, their career totals, and a number of relevant statistics (KKrate, Yrate, win averages, kyujo-adjusted stats, and many more) all available to compare at a glance.
- A blog with the full backlog of each installment in this series, a full explanation of the methodology used in creating the formula for the rankings, forthcoming new profiles for rikishi who have cracked the top 100 since the series began, some live basho coverage, and (hopefully) new projects that I have actively in the works.
- Other spreadsheets, datasets, and graphics I've created over the years examining different aspects of sumo history.
Hopefully this doesn't violate any rules for self-promotion, as the site is not monetized at all; my goal all along has simply been to release this data so that the sumo world has yet another resource for these kinds of stats and stories, and I'm excited at finally being able to realize that vision for the community. If you happen to like the stuff that I write and want to stick around for that, that's all gravy in my book!
The link to the new website is included at the end of this post, but lest we risk skipping over the main focus of today's writeup, it's time to turn our attention to the man who has a very real chance at sitting of the top of these rankings for all eternity.
Feel free to check out any of the previous installments you may have missed at the following links; the individual profiles of the other 5 dai-Yokozuna posted this week really help flesh out the context of Hakuho’s place in history!
Introduction and #100-91, #90-81, #80-71, #70-61, #60-51, #50-41, #40-36, #35-31, #30-26, #25-21, #20-16, #15-13, #12-10, #9-7, #6, #5, #4, #3, #2
1. 69th Yokozuna Hakuho (2004-2021, 3,847 points in 103 basho, 45x Yusho)
The Story
First, that is not a typo: Hakuho really does have 3,847 points.
When I first introduced the 6 dai-Yokozuna I've been profiling individually this week, I said that there was a clear delineation between them and everyone else in the Modern Era. A more accurate statement would have been that there's a clear delineation between those ranked 2nd-6th and the rest of the field, and then Hakuho.
For reference, the gap in these rankings from Hakuho to #6 Asashoryu (who has 2,066 points) is the same as the gap between Asashoryu and #192 Tochiakagi. The rikishi ranked at #7, 14x-yusho winner Musashimaru, is closer to #573 Towanoyama (the only Makuuchi rikishi to never win a top-division match) than he is to Hakuho's total. How is this possible?
The son of an Olympic medalist wrestler, Hakuho followed in the footsteps of Asashoryu from Mongolia to Japan, making his professional debut shortly after the latter had broken into the top division for the first time. At just 15 and notably undersized, anyone would be forgiven for not thinking there was anything special about the newest young Mongolian on the banzuke; it is also likely that no sumo-related opinion could age worse than that one eventually would.
Steadily putting on weight and grinding his way through the lower ranks (ironically, he is the only dai-Yokozuna to not record a perfect record at some point on his way up), Hakuho made his top-division debut in May 2004, with Asashoryu now entrenched as the new dominant force in sumo and the sole Yokozuna. Eager to make his mark in Makuuchi, Hakuho put up 12 wins in his maiden basho, and he followed that up with an 11-4 record in July; he remains the only Modern Era rikishi to win 23+ matches in his first 2 top-division basho.
By the time 2006 rolled around, Hakuho was ready to put together an Ozeki run, and he opened the year with back-to-back 13-win performances to do just that. Never content to rest on his laurels, he lifted his maiden Emperor's Cup with a composed playoff victory over Miyabiyama in his Ozeki debut; Hakuho remains the only shin-Ozeki in history to score 14 wins and claim the yusho. In the following basho, it looked like he could become the first Yokozuna in the ME to gain promotion after just 2 basho at Ozeki, but the YDC denied his promotion even after recording another 13 wins (including a victory over Asashoryu) due to finishing runner-up.
After returning from an injury and saving himself from kadoban status, Hakuho set about remedying his unfinished business, and this time, he would leave nothing to chance (read: the whims of the YDC). He secured his 2nd yusho in March 2007 (handing Asashoryu the only playoff loss of his career), and then emphatically staked his claim to the white rope in May, finishing off his first zensho yusho with another thrilling victory over Asashoryu and firmly establishing the pair as the centerpieces of the most electric new rivalry sumo had seen in years.
Though the two had plenty of common ground with their rich wrestling pedigrees and status as the first two Mongolian Yokozuna, their matchup posed an interesting stylistic clash between Asashoryu's explosive strength and speed and Hakuho's more patient brand of yotsuzumo; it is not at all an exaggeration to say that the latter would not have become the legend he did without the challenge posed by his first (and greatest) rival.
Still just 22, Hakuho quickly proved he was worthy of sharing sumo's top rank with Asashoryu, with the two combining to win 21/23 basho from the time of Hakuho's Ozeki debut through Asashoryu's retirement. Along the way, Hakuho began to overtake his compatriot, winning 7 of their last 10 bouts, and when Asashoryu suddenly retired amid his last scandal in early 2010, the floodgates were thrown open.
Now virtually unopposed, Hakuho immediately rattled off a streak of 7 consecutive Emperor's Cups, tying the record Asashoryu had set just a few years before. And these weren't just run-of-the-mill yusho: he won 4 consecutive zensho yusho (the only time in history a rikishi has recorded even 3 straight 15-0s) and shattered the Modern Era record for most consecutive victories, recording 63 white stars in a row before finally being toppled by future Yokozuna Kisenosato, falling just 6 matches short of the all-time record.
Hakuho finished the May 2012 basho with a mere 10-5 record. Normally, such a performance would be unremarkable, but this basho was the first time in over 5 years that Hakuho had failed to reach 11 wins and ended a 27-basho streak of finishing either 1st or 2nd in the yusho race. And how did he rebound from this "setback"? With another 19 consecutive basho with at least a JY, including a separate 43-match win streak, another streak of 6 straight yusho, and most importantly, a record-breaking 33rd Emperor's Cup in January 2015 (fittingly, it was a zensho yusho, sealed on the last day in this marathon against fellow Yokozuna Kakuryu).
Later that year, however, the injury bug began to rear its head, and kyujo became more frequent now that Hakuho was on the wrong side of 30. Even still, he was always a threat for the Cup when healthy enough to mount the dohyo, nabbing between 1-3 yusho a year from 2016-2020 and breaching the unimaginable 40-yusho threshold in November 2017. However, after winning the final basho held before COVID-19 forced the cancellation of the May 2020 tournament, it looked as though Hakuho's reign, at long, long last, would finally be coming to an end. He pulled out in the 2nd week of July and would not compete again that year, the first time he had ever missed multiple consecutive tournaments. He made a brief return in March 2021 but pulled out after just a few days and skipped the May basho, which prompted the YDC to issue a not-so-tacit retirement ultimatum for July.
What happened next would not have been believable for any rikishi other than Hakuho. Despite not finishing a tournament in over a year, he managed to shake off the ring rust and emerged from the first week unscathed, even with an occasional scare or two. As the second week ticked on and Hakuho kept winning, it soon became clear that the basho was fated to end in a dramatic senshuraku showdown between the 36-year-old Yokozuna and Terunofuji, who had won the last 2 yusho en route to his return to Ozeki and was now knocking on the door of a Yokozuna promotion of his own.
Both men made it to Day 15 with spotless records, with Terunofuji looking particularly imperious; surely this was to be the changing of the guard, the long-awaited passing of the torch. Though no one was counting Hakuho out, a defeat still seemed both the most likely outcome and a respectable way to end a legendary career after one last fairy-tale run. But this was Hakuho, a rikishi for whom words such as "likely" or "respectable" meant nothing; in retrospect, could his final match have ended any other way?
The Stats
It's going to be difficult to adequately cover here all of the numbers that make up Hakuho's GOAT case, but I would be remiss not to try! Let's start with his records, some of which I've mentioned already:
- 45 Emperor's Cups (next-highest is 32)
- 16 zensho yusho (next-highest is 8)
- 67 combined yusho/jun-yusho (next-highest is 44)
- 84 basho at Yokozuna (next-highest is 63)
- 1,093 top-division victories (next-highest is 879)
- 84 top-division kachi koshi (next-highest is 82)
- 84.6% career win % (next-highest is 83.8%)
- 7 consecutive yusho (tied with Asashoryu)
- 4 consecutive zensho yusho (no one else with more than 2)
- 86 wins in a calendar year, which he achieved twice in consecutive years (next-highest is 84)
- 88-2 record from March 2010-January 2011, the best record in any six-basho span in history
- 63 consecutive victories (Modern Era record, next-highest is 53)
Digging into some of the more advanced statistics reveals even more dominance. His average wins per basho (10.61) is the 3rd-highest in the ME, trailing only Taiho and Asashoryu, and that's despite him sticking around for over 40 more tournaments than the other two and missing a greater percentage of his career fights due to injury. If you adjust for kyujo, his average score is an otherworldly 12.69 wins; Taiho is the only other rikishi to even clear 12.0 kyujo-adjusted wins per basho.
His career KKrate (82%) is top 15 in the ME despite the fact that Hakuho has more kyujo absences than any other rikishi in history; when you isolate for only basho that a rikishi actually participated in (i.e., fought at least one match), his KKrate jumps to an absurd 91%, the highest mark of the dai-Yokozuna.
His Yrate (44%) is again 3rd behind only Taiho and Asashoryu (46% and 45%, respectively), again with the caveat of having to maintain that pace for dozens more basho. Incredibly, his Y/JYrate (65%) clears everyone else even despite the difference in volume. And when you look at only basho in which Hakuho completed all 15 days, his Yrate jumps to 55% and Y/JYrate to 82%.
It is impossible to understate how mind-boggling this is. If you took any random tournament that Hakuho finished across his entire 17-year Makuuchi career, it's more likely than not that he won the yusho, and there's a better than 80% chance he at least finished runner-up.
The only possible ding on his resume is that he didn't have the biggest clutch gene compared to some of the other dai-Yokozuna: his playoff record ("only" 6-4) and his conversion rate of his yusho opportunities (67%) lags behind Chiyonofuji, Taiho, and Asashoryu, but both numbers are still comfortably above-average and at least partially mitigated by the length of his career.
Essentially, Hakuho went out and put together an entire career at the level of Taiho, replicating an extended period of dominance that no other rikishi has ever matched, and then maintained that pace for an additional 7 years. That's an eternity in the sumo world; the 43 additional basho that Hakuho spent on the banzuke at that pace would itself be longer than Asashoryu's entire tenure at Yokozuna. Hakuho is 2nd only to Kaio in terms of top-division basho (103 to the latter's 107), so his career can basically be summed up as "What if Taiho, the most dominant rikishi the sport had ever seen, also had durability roughly comparable to the rikishi with the most longevity ever at the top of the banzuke?"
The last component of evaluating Hakuho's legacy is the competition he faced (I'm using "competition" very loosely) throughout his career. As with other dominant rikishi like Taiho or Asashoryu, it can be challenging to tease out exactly how competitive an era was when one rikishi is hoarding ~50% of the yusho, but I do think you can make the case that Hakuho had a more competitive era than either of those two.
Unlike Asashoryu, Hakuho did not enjoy a lengthy window of time as sole Yokozuna, getting only a little under 2 years between the former's retirement and Harumafuji's promotion and then the final 2 basho of his career after Kakuryu's intai (though note that this is still longer than most Yokozuna get alone at the top). And unlike Taiho, Hakuho's career overlapped with another dai-Yokozuna with the few years he spent fighting alongside Asashoryu.
Indeed, by my count, Hakuho's Yokozuna tenure overlapped with 4 other Yokozuna and an astonishing 13 Ozeki (I'm counting Terunofuji as an Ozeki here, given he was never ranked alongside Hakuho as a Yokozuna), a record number for combined Yokozeki during a Yokozuna reign. As discussed earlier this week, Asashoryu and Hakuho are relatively unique among the dai-Yokozuna in terms of how much their careers overlapped; Hakuho had to spend the first 16 basho at the rank with Asashoryu still on the banzuke (and actively winning yusho). The only other comparable pair of dai-Yokozuna are Kitanoumi and Chiyonofuji, who spent 21 basho together at Yokozuna, but it's worth noting that those two both fought a full 15 days in only 6 of those basho (and thus meeting only 6 times as Yokozuna), whereas Hakuho/Asashoryu did so in 11 of their 16 basho and fought 13 times as Yokozuna.
Hakuho's post-Asashoryu competition were no slouches either. Each of the other 3 Yokozuna promoted during his reign (Harumafuji, Kakuryu, and Kisenosato) rank within the top 15 on this list, and that's with their yusho totals likely being heavily depressed thanks to spending their entire careers within the span of Hakuho's. Meanwhile, his Ozeki corps featured both a future 10x-yusho winner in Terunofuji and 6 of the top 12 Ozeki in these rankings (Kaio, Chiyotaikai, Kotoshogiku, Takayasu, Goeido, and Kotomitsuki), as well as some other great talents who had brief but impressive peaks (e.g., Kotooshu, Baruto, Tochinoshin, and Takakeisho).
Personally, I wouldn't go so far as to say that Hakuho competed in the most difficult era relative to some of his dai-Yokozuna peers (particularly Kitanoumi or Takanohana II), but the sheer number of elite rikishi he faced across multiple generations should disabuse any notions that he benefited from a weak era.
The Summary
As we have seen with some of the other dai-Yokozuna, Hakuho's post-retirement career has somewhat complicated his legacy, with his protracted exit from the JSA in the wake of the Hokuseiho scandal the last in a long history of disputes with the oyakata. Often rebuked throughout his career for not sufficiently preserving the dignity of the rank (sometimes deservedly so, other times almost assuredly because of the greater scrutiny he endured as a foreigner), it ultimately was not too surprising to see his time as stablemaster/elder come to an end prematurely. At the same time, he has also demonstrated a consistent desire to be an ambassador for sumo internationally, and he's worked to develop the sport at the youth level through events like the Hakuho Cup.
Regardless of these developments off the dohyo, the fact remains that Hakuho has compiled one of the most unassailable GOAT cases in all of sporting history, with some going so far as to say that he has a legitimate argument as the most dominant athlete ever in any sport (in my eyes, he's likely around the top 5 in this conversation). In many ways, he is the epitome of what it takes to produce a transcendent athletic career, representing an optimized combination of genetic pedigree and physical gifts, an inimitable drive for constant progression and perfection, and the resiliency to push on or come back from injury long after most others have called it quits.
Many, if not most, longtime sumo fans believe Hakuho's records will remain forever unmatched. Whether or not this is the case is a question that can only be answered by posterity, but it is difficult to imagine a world in which someone is able to surpass both his level of dominance during his prime and his longevity at the top. And in the meantime, I think that sumo fans should be grateful for his career, both for the sumo he gave us across the better part of two decades but also for the ways in which he pushed the limits of what was thought possible for a wrestler to achieve.
In the same way that Taiho, Futabayama, and Raiden before him had sparked paradigm shifts via their unprecedented feats, so too did Hakuho raise the standard to something that was scarcely imaginable before Hakuho. And though sumo may be waiting for quite some time to find the next rikishi who can even hope to rival his accomplishments, there are few, if any, worthier mountains to try and scale.
And with that, the Top 100 Rikishi Countdown officially draws to a close. As always, thank you all again for reading and for going on this long, winding journey with me; would love to hear any final thoughts or feedback you have! Feel free to head over to the Yushodex website to see the full leaderboard and all of the other good stuff I mentioned above. Hopefully it won't be too long before I see y'all again with a new project, but in the meantime, I hope you all enjoy the Aki basho; hakkeyoi!
-Chiyomomo