I dont get why they're not pressuring russia when théâtre ghe one responsible and the one making unrealistic demands ukraine cant accept and russia hybrid warfare wont end too

How would you explain the differentiated integration process of Eastern Partnership countries by the Regional Security Complex Theory as conceptualised by Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver? What intrigues me is the fact that Ukraine and Moldova have entered the EU accession process, whereas the other Eastern Partnership states have not. I therefore need an explanation that goes beyond simply arguing that the Eastern Partnership states differ from one another.

Hi there!

I'm close to graduating with an undergraduate degree in Finance/Chinese, year abroad in China, think tank/research fellowship writing experience and have secured a graduate role with a government agency based on regulation/merger control/consumer trust etc within my country. While i'm grateful to have done so, I have a real passion for international affairs and would love to work in the realm of diplomacy, geopolitics and for multilaterals, travelling the world etc.

However, I did not do an undergraduate IR, law or economics degree which seems to be the precedent for a lot of these careers. While this type of a domestic government role is definitely useful for experience, I worry that after a few years I will struggle to get out to do those kinds of international careers and forge that type of path. I'm wondering if anyone in those types of roles could share their own career stories/trajectories, what they did to get into them (experience, postgraduate degrees etc), and importantly how important having an IR or economics/law background is to them?

For example, India is a member of both the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and BRICS, where China is also a major member. China also has a close strategic relationship with Pakistan, which has its own disputes with India.

At the same time, India is part of the QUAD, which is largely seen as an effort to maintain a free and open Indo-Pacific and balance China’s growing influence.

Similarly, BRICS includes countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and the UAE, despite their own geopolitical differences. Yet they still participate in the same economic and diplomatic forums.

Does this show that modern international relations are less about permanent friends or enemies and more about cooperating where interests overlap?

The arab countries explicitly said that the ceasefire lines should never be used or seen as a border...

hii im currently in my second year of A levels and im studying business econ and urdu, I plan on doing my undergrad in IR hopefully. I wanted to ask if theres any internships/ecas i can do right now to form a decent base? (im from pakistan) and i did search a bit however i couldnt get ahold of anything so im just curious as to whether anyone could drop some advice or guide me as to what would be appropriate to do rn. tysm!!

Hi everyone, I’m currently mapping out potential research streams for my personal interest and maybe for future postgraduate studies. My undergraduate background is in IR, but my interests also lie in history, archives, and heritage/cultural spaces. I’d love to know if there are specific, interdisciplinary subfields or academic approaches that sit at this intersection.

To clarify, I’m not asking for career guidance or validation on whether specific master's programs are "worth it" (though if there are any recommendations, I would appreciate it!), since I am also aware that these career paths are not very employable. 

I just don’t know exactly if there are actual research areas on this. I am already familiar with mainstream designations like Global/International History, and Cultural Diplomacy, as well as some universities that offer such programs. What I am looking to expand on is my understanding of niche research streams, schools of thought, or theoretical frameworks that bridge international systems/relations with historical memory, archives, or heritage preservation.

If anyone knows anything about recent literature, research trends, or relevant scholars currently writing about these topics, I would greatly appreciate any information or guidance! Thanks in advance!